ترجمة وتحليل الكلمات عن طريق الذكاء الاصطناعي ChatGPT
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lower motor neuron - ترجمة إلى العربية
![The [[corticospinal tract]] is one of the major descending pathways from the [[brain]] to the α-MNs of the [[spinal cord]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gray764.png?width=200 "The [[corticospinal tract]] is one of the major descending pathways from the [[brain]] to the α-MNs of the [[spinal cord]].")
![Alpha motor neurons are located in lamina IX according to the [[Rexed lamina system]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Medulla spinalis - Substantia grisea - English.svg?width=200 "Alpha motor neurons are located in lamina IX according to the [[Rexed lamina system]].")
![[[Poliomyelitis]], caused by the [[poliovirus]] seen here, is associated with the selective loss of cells within the ventral horn of the [[spinal cord]], where α-MNs are located.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Polio.jpg?width=200 "[[Poliomyelitis]], caused by the [[poliovirus]] seen here, is associated with the selective loss of cells within the ventral horn of the [[spinal cord]], where α-MNs are located.")
![Under the influence of the protein [[sonic hedgehog]], shown here, cells of the [[floor plate]] of the developing spinal cord differentiate into alpha motor neurons.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shh structure.png?width=200 "Under the influence of the protein [[sonic hedgehog]], shown here, cells of the [[floor plate]] of the developing spinal cord differentiate into alpha motor neurons.")
تعريف
ويكيبيديا
Lower motor neurons (LMNs) are motor neurons located in either the anterior grey column, anterior nerve roots (spinal lower motor neurons) or the cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem and cranial nerves with motor function (cranial nerve lower motor neurons). Many voluntary movements rely on spinal lower motor neurons, which innervate skeletal muscle fibers and act as a link between upper motor neurons and muscles. Cranial nerve lower motor neurons also control some voluntary movements of the eyes, face and tongue, and contribute to chewing, swallowing and vocalization. Damage to the lower motor neurons can lead to flaccid paralysis, absent deep tendon reflexes and muscle atrophy.
